Search results for "Maladies métaboliques"
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Inflammation et maladies métaboliques : analyse par imagerie du métabolisme des lipoprotéines et lipopolysaccharides au cours de l’inflammation
2021
LPS (lipopolysaccharides) are endotoxins originating from Gram-negative bacteria. They have been extensively described for their ability to interact with and disrupt the intestinal barrier. These toxins are able to cross the gut barrier and to pass into the blood (endotoxemia), leading tolow-grade metabolic inflammation or to a severe inflammatory syndrome (SIRS). Fortunately, some circulating proteins such as PLTP (Phospholipid Transfer Protein) are able to transfer LPS to plasma lipoproteins in order to inactivate and detoxify them.The main goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic fate of LPS from the gut and peritoneal cavity but also the influence of PLTP on these toxins in…
Lipopolysaccharides and glucagon-like peptide 1 : from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiology
2016
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases which have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. These metabolic disorders are related to a low grade inflammation whose molecular origin is still unknown. Previous studies have highlighted the involvement of the gut microbiota and especially components of the cell wall of Gram(-) bacteria: lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have recently shown that LPS enhance glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plasma levels, a hormone which is known to stimulate insulin secretion. Moreover there would be a link between the nutritional qualities of food and LPS plasma levels. Thus diet, LPS and GLP-1 may be closely related. The present work focuses on i) the mol…
New insights into the pharmacology of the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3
2011
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, are more and more weighing on public health expenses in developed countries. Despite active research, these widespread diseases remain difficult to handle. Promising new therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases include the development of drugs targeting the free fatty acid receptors, as key players in metabolism homeostasis. In this context, the current PhD thesis focuses on the study of two G protein-coupled receptors, namely the short-chain free fatty acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3). First, we investigated the expression of the two receptors of interest in a variety of cell types. Then, in order to study the phar…